II. Zależności statystyczne

Marek Jerzy. Minakowski, Prehistoria logiki formalnej

I. Fragmenta prearistotelicorum

6. Katalog fragmentów logicznych znalezionych w pismach prearystotelików

3. Antyfon, Tetralogia trzecia III, 2

Proces o zabójstwo w obronie własnej, mowa obrończa.

^{III, 2}Εἶπε δὲ πρῶτον μέν, εἰ καὶ ἐκ τῶν πληγῶν ἀπέϑανεν ὁ ἀνήρ, ὡς οὐκ ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν· τὸν γὰρ ἄρξαντα τῆς πληγῆς, τοῦτον αἴτιον τῶν πραχϑέντων γενόμενον καταλαμβάνεσϑαι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου, ἄρξαι δὲ τὸν ἀποϑανόντα. μάϑετε δὴ πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι ἄρξαι καὶ παροινεῖν τοὺς νεωτέρους τῶν πρεσβυτέρων εἰκότερόν ἐστι· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἥ τε μεγαλοϕροσύνη τοῦ γένους ἥ τε ἀκμὴ τῆς ῥώμης ἥ τε ἀπειρία τῆς μέϑης ἐπαίρει τῷ ϑυμῷ χαρίζεσϑαι, τοὺς δὲ ἥ τε ἐμπειρία τῶν παροινουμένων ἥ τε ἀσϑένεια τοῦ γήρως ἥ τε δύναμις τῶν νέων ϕοβοῦσα σωϕρονίζει.

1.

οὐκ ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν (III, 2)

κατηγορούμενος ≠ ἀποκτείνας

oskarżony ≠ zabójca

2., 3., 4., R3.4.16

[2.

ἀποϑανών = ἄρξας ⊻ κατηγορούμενος = ἄρξας

zabity = napastnik ⊻ oskarżony = napastnik

Zał.]

3.

τὸν […] ἄρξαντα τῆς πληγῆς, τοῦτον αἴτιον τῶν πραχϑέντων γενόμενον καταλαμβάνεσϑαι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου (III, 2)

ἄρξας = ἀποκτείνας

napastnik = zabójca

Zał.

4.

ἄρξαι […] τὸν ἀποϑανόντα (III, 2)

ἀποϑανών = ἄρξας

zabity = napastnik

5., 6., R1.1.2.6

5.

ἄρξαι καὶ παροινεῖν τοὺς νεωτέρους τῶν πρεσβυτέρων εἰκότερόν ἐστι

νεώτερος = ἄρξας (III, 2)

młodszy = napastnik

Zał.

[6.

ἀποϑανών = νεώτερος

zabity = młodszy

Fakt]

(Loeb)

To begin with, he said that even if the man did die as a result of the blows, he did not kill him: because it is the aggressor who is to blame for what happens: it is he whom the law condemns; and the aggressor was the dead man. First, let me tell you that young men are more likely to be the aggressors and make a drunken assault than old. The young are incited by their natural arrogance, their full vigour, and the unaccustomed effects of wine to give free play to anger: whereas old men are sobered by their experience of drunken excesses, by the weakness of age, and by their fear of the strength of the young.